Imagine a serene farmland where technology meets sustainability – a tractor powered by Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) glides gracefully across the field, preparing the land for the next planting season, leaving behind a trail of clean exhaust that evaporates into the atmosphere, just a few steps away, a harvester fueled by the same clean energy navigates through the rows of maize, operated confidently by its operator without the presence or smell of harmful emissions.
The workers on this farmland move freely, breathing out carbon dioxide and taking in oxygen, untainted by toxic substances. Gone are the days of choking smoke from machinery exhaust without – this is not a mere imagination, but a glimpse into the future of agriculture powered by CNG.
By understanding the biochemical impact of CNG, we can better appreciate how this energy source contributes to sustainable agricultural practices. CNG has emerged as a promising alternative energy source in agriculture, aligning with the aims of the Paris Agreement, a global treaty aimed to hold an increase in the global average temperature to below 2°C above pre-industrial levels and pursue efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels.
This agreement encourages nations to adopt cleaner energy sources and reduce greenhouse gas emissions, across sectors, including agriculture. CNG plays a pivotal role in this transition. It offers a cleaner burning fuel that significantly reduces carbon dioxide and methane emissions, compared to conventional fossil fuels. However, beyond the environmental benefits of CNG, its biochemical impact on agriculture is note-worthy.
This article delves into the intricate biochemical roles of CNG, exploring how its usage enhances soil health and well-being of the people. These biochemical roles do not only bolster agricultural productivity, but also align with sustainable farming objectives, which include:
Impact on bio-fertilizer production
Bio-fertilizers are natural fertilizers made from living microorganisms like bacteria that enhance the fertility of soil by promoting natural processes such as Nitrogen fixation. While their production can be achieved independently, the by-products of CNG can play a crucial role in their production. One of the important by-products of CNG production is carbon dioxide, which can be utilised in a controlled system to enhance the growth of microorganisms used in bio-fertilizers production.
Reduction of greenhouse gas emissions
Although, CNG is a fossil fuel and releases carbon dioxide during combustion, it produces significantly-less carbon dioxide, when compared to traditional fuels. The reduction in greenhouse gases is important in mitigating climate change impacts on agriculture such as altered rainfall pattern and temperature extremes and drought.
Agriculture is highly vulnerable to climate change, and by reducing the carbon footprint of farming operations, CNG can contribute to agricultural sustainability. By using CNG, the overall atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration is lowered, which can reduce global warming and mitigate climate-related stressors on both plants and animals.
Impact on ecosystem biochemistry
Volatile organic compounds and nitrogen oxides are emitted by conventional fuel, which can lead to the formation of ozone. Ozone is a harmful air pollutant, which can interfere with cellular processes such as photosynthesis. By reducing these emissions through the use of CNG, this biochemical impact is minimised, helping plants grow efficiently and supporting a healthier ecosystem.
Balancing soil pH
Potential of hydrogen (pH) is the measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a substance. It is represented on a scale of 0 to 14, where pH 7 is neutral (neither acidic nor alkaline), pH less than 7 indicates acidity, and pH more than 7 indicates alkalinity. In agriculture, the soil pH is a critical factor influencing plant growth and nutrients availability. One of the merits of CNG, as a fuel is that it produces few pollutants compared to traditional fossil fuels.
CNG releases lower levels of sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxide, both of which are contributors to soil acidity. These gases can react with water vapour in the atmosphere, forming acid rain, which then falls on the soil and further acidifies it. Because CNG burns cleaner, it helps reduce the formation of acid rain, thereby mitigating potential damage to soil health and increase agricultural productivity.
Acid rain lowers the pH of the soil, which can harm crops by making macro nutrients less available. By reducing the amount of acidic pollutants released into the atmosphere, CNG can help in sustaining a neutral or slightly alkaline pH.
Reduction of workers’ exposure to toxicants
CNG, as an alternative to traditional fossil fuels, plays an important role in reducing workers’ exposure to toxicants, particularly lead. Lead is a toxic, heavy metal that can be harmful to both human health and the environment. From a biochemical perspective, CNG’s impact can be understood by examining how its use affects human body’s interaction with toxicants and reduces overall environmental and occupational risk. One of the most prominent benefits of CNG over traditional fossil fuels (like diesel) is its cleaner combustion profile, this can alter cellular processes in the body system.
For example, Lead exposure interferes with heme biosynthesis; heme is the part of the red blood cells that helps carry oxygen through the body. It contains iron, which binds to oxygen, allowing it to travel from the lungs to other part of the body.
When lead enters the body, it can interfere with the process that makes heme. Without enough healthy heme, the body cannot make enough hemoglobin, a protein in the red blood cells that hold onto heme and carries oxygen, which means the body does not get oxygen when it needs it. It can lead to anemia, tiredness and other health issues.
By reducing the amount of lead released into the environment through cleaner fuels like CNG, the biochemistry of lead toxicity is mitigated, thereby lessening the biological burden on workers and surrounding communities. While the biochemical effects of CNG on workers’ health are generally beneficial due to its cleaner emissions, workers may still face some risks associated with CNG. However, when compared to other fossil fuels, CNG’s cleaner combustion profile offers significant advantages.
In conclusion, while CNG may not be directly involved in biochemical pathways in plants and animals, its role as a cleaner energy alternative has a profound indirect biochemical impacts within agricultural systems, by reducing the release of toxic pollutants and greenhouse gases, CNG helps mitigate oxidative stress, improves soil’s fertility, all of which are important for maintaining the biochemical balance of agricultural ecosystems.
Furthermore, CNG’s ability to reduce environmental lead exposure highlights its potential to protect vital biochemical processes like heme biosynthesis in both plants and animals. In this way, CNG not only provides support to sustainable farming practices, but also enhances the resilience of ecosystems and human health, positioning itself as a cornerstone in the transition towards a cleaner, more sustainable agricultural future.
